Himachal Pradesh ke prachin itihas mein Trigarta aur Kuninda ke baad teesra sabse mahatvapurna Janapada "Kuluta" tha. Yeh aaj ka Kullu zila hai, jise "Valley of Gods" (Dev Bhumi) kaha jata hai.
Rigveda se lekar Mudrarakshasa tak, is rajya ka zikr kai purane granthon mein milta hai. Agar aap HPAS ki taiyari kar rahe hain, toh aapko Raja Virayasa ke sikkon aur Bihangmani Pal ke baare mein pata hona chahiye. Aaj hum Kuluta ke prachin itihas ko khangaalenge.
1. Location & Etymology (Sthiti aur Naam)
Location: Kuluta rajya Upper Beas Valley (Beas nadi ka upri hissa) mein sthit tha.
Modern Area: Aaj ka poora Kullu District.
Neighbors:
North: Lahaul-Spiti (Tibetan region).
West: Trigarta (Kangra).
South/East: Kuninda (Shimla/Sirmaur).
2. Historical Sources (Itihas ke Saboot)
Humein Kuluta ke baare mein kahan se pata chalta hai?
Mudrarakshasa: Vishakha Dutt dwara likhi gayi is kitab mein "Kuluta" ka zikr hai. Isme likha hai ki Kuluta ke Raja Chitravarma ne Chandragupta Maurya ke khilaf gathbandhan (alliance) kiya tha.
Ramayana & Mahabharata: In granthon mein bhi Kuluta ka varnan milta hai.
Brihat Samhita: Varahamihira ne is kshetra ke logon ko "Kulutas" kaha hai.
Hiuen Tsang (Chinese Traveler): 635 AD mein jab wo yahan aaye, toh unhone ise "Kiu-lu-to" kaha aur bataya ki yeh rajya 3000 Li (approx 600-700 km) ke ghere mein phaila hua tha.
3. The Numismatic Evidence: King Virayasa (Sikke)
Kuluta itihas ka sabse bada saboot Sikke (Coins) hain.
The Famous Coin: Kullu ghati mein 100 A.D. (1st Century) ka ek sikka mila hai.
King's Name: Ispar Raja ka naam likha hai:
"Rajna Kolutasya Virayasasya"
(Matlab: Kuluta ke Raja Virayasa ka sikka).
Metal: Yeh sikka Tamba (Copper) ka bana hai.
Scripts:
Obverse (Samne): Sanskrit bhasha.
Reverse (Peeche): Prakrit aur Kharosthi lipi.
Significance: Yeh dikhata hai ki Kuluta ek swatantra (independent) rajya tha aur yahan ka vyapar unnat tha.
4. Foundation of the Dynasty (Sthapana)
Kullu riyasat ki sthapana ki kahani badi dilchasp hai.
Founder: Bihangmani Pal.
Origin: Wo Mayapuri (Haridwar) se aaye the.
The Legend: Raste mein unhein ek budhiya mili (Mata Hadimba ka roop) jisne unhein apni peeth par bithakar nadi paar karayi aur aashirwad diya ki wo Raja banenge.
Capitals (Rajdhaniyan):
Nast (Jagatsukh): Yeh pehli rajdhani thi. (Local bhasha mein ise 'Nast' kehte the).
Naggar: Baad mein Raja Visudh Pal ne rajdhani Naggar shift ki.
Sultanpur: 17th Century mein Raja Jagat Singh ne rajdhani Sultanpur (Kullu town) banayi.
5. Himachal Under Major Empires (Samrajyon ka Prabhav)
Aapke notes ke anusar, Kuluta aur Himachal par bade samrajyon ka kya asar hua?
A. The Mauryan Empire (Chandragupta & Ashoka)
Chandragupta Maurya: Unhone pahadi ganrajyon (Republics) ko takat ya dosti se apne adheen kiya, par unhein "Direct Rule" mein nahi rakha.
Ashoka: Unhone Himalayi kshetron mein Buddhism (Bauddh Dharm) phailaya.
The Stupa: Hiuen Tsang ke anusar, Ashoka ne Kullu ghati mein ek Stupa banwaya tha (jo ab nahi milta).
B. The Gupta Empire (Samudragupta)
Prayag Prasasti: Samudragupta ke Allahabad Pillar Inscription mein likha hai ki Kuluta aur Kartripura (Kangra/Uttarakhand) jaise pahadi rajyon ne unki adheenta sweekar ki thi.
Policy: Gupta rajaon ne inhe aatmnirbhar (autonomous) rehne diya, bas wo tax dete the.
C. Era of Harsha (7th Century)
Thakurs & Ranas: Gupta samrajya tootne ke baad, Himachal chote-chote tukdon mein bat gaya jahan Thakurs aur Ranas raaj karte the.
Harshavardhana: Jab Harsha ka uday hua, toh in chote rajaon ne unki supremacy maani.
6. Comparison with Neighbors (Padosi Rajya)
Exam mein confusion se bachne ke liye yeh table dekhein:
| Janapada | Location | Key Fact |
| Kuluta | Upper Beas (Kullu) | King Virayasa (Coins), Founder Bihangmani Pal. |
| Trigarta | Ravi-Beas-Satluj (Kangra) | Susharma Chandra (Mahabharata). |
| Audumbaras | Pathankot-Jwalamukhi | Coins with Shiva/Trishul. |
| Kunindas | Shimla-Sirmaur | Amoghabhuti (Silver Coins). |
7. Important Exam Facts (Prelims Special)
Oldest Coin of Kullu: Raja Virayasa (1st Century AD).
Founder of Kullu State: Bihangmani Pal.
Ancient Capital: Jagatsukh (Nast).
Chinese Traveler: Hiuen Tsang ne Kullu ko "Kiu-lu-to" kaha tha.
Vishakha Dutt's Book: Mudrarakshasa mein Kuluta ka zikr hai.
8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1. Kuluta rajya ki pehli rajdhani kahan thi?
Ans: Jagatsukh (jise prachin kaal mein Nast kaha jata tha).
Q2. Raja Virayasa ke sikke kis dhaatu (metal) ke bane the?
Ans: Tamba (Copper).
Q3. Ashoka ne Himachal ke kis sthan par Stupa banwaya tha?
Ans: Kullu Valley (Hiuen Tsang ke anusar).
Q4. Mudrarakshasa kisne likhi thi?
Ans: Vishakha Dutt ne.
9. The Medieval Turning Point: Raja Jagat Singh (1637-1672)
Kuluta (Kullu) ke itihas mein sabse bada mod tab aaya jab Raja Jagat Singh gaddi par baithe. Unka kaaryakal Kullu ka "Swarn Yug" (Golden Age) maana jata hai.
The Brahmin's Curse (Shraap): Kahani hai ki Raja ne galti se ek Brahmin (Durga Datt) ko atmhatya karne par majboor kar diya tha. Brahmin ne marte waqt shraap diya, jisse Raja ko bimari ho gayi.
The Cure: Ek Sadhu (Kishan Das) ne bataya ki agar Ayodhya se Bhagwan Raghunath (Ram) ki murti laayi jaye, tabhi Raja theek honge.
Damodar Das: Raja ne apne sevak Damodar Das ko Ayodhya bheja. 1653 AD mein Damodar Das murti lekar Kullu pahunche.
Origin of Dussehra: Raja ne apna poora raaj-paat Bhagwan Raghunath ko saunp diya aur khud unke "Chhadibardaar" (Servant) ban gaye. Tab se Kullu Dussehra shuru hua, jo aaj vishwa-prasidh hai.
10. Malana: The Oldest Democracy (Vishwa ka Sabse Purana Loktantra)
Kullu ghati mein ek aisa gaon hai jiska itihas baaki duniya se alag hai.
Jamlu Devta: Malana gaon Jamlu Rishi (Jamadagni) ke niyam-kanoon par chalta hai. Yahan Bharat ka samvidhan nahi, balki Jamlu Devta ka aadesh maana jata hai.
Parliament: Inki apni sansad hai jise do sadno (houses) mein baanta gaya hai - Jayeshthang (Upper House) aur Kanishthang (Lower House).
Kanashi Language: Yahan ke log "Kanashi" bhasha bolte hain, jo aas-paas ke kisi gaon mein nahi boli jati. Maana jata hai ki yeh log Sikandar (Alexander) ke sainikon ke vanshaj hain.
11. Temple Architecture of Kuluta (Vastukala)
Kullu ke prachin mandir apne unique style ke liye jane jate hain. Exam mein pucha jata hai ki kaunsa mandir kis style ka hai.
| Temple Name | Style (Shaili) | Location |
| Hidimba Devi | Pagoda Style (4 roofs) | Manali |
| Tripura Sundari | Pagoda Style | Naggar |
| Vashishtha Temple | Pyramidal (Wood & Stone) | Vashishtha |
| Gauri Shankar | Shikhara Style | Dashal/Naggar |
12. The Pal vs. Singh Dynasty (Vanshavali)
Kullu ke rajaon ke naam mein pehle "Pal" lagta tha, baad mein "Singh" lagne laga.
Pal Era: Bihangmani Pal se lekar Sidh Pal tak (lagbhag 70-80 pidhiyan).
Singh Era: Raja Sidh Singh (around 1500 AD) pehle raja the jinhone 'Pal' hata kar 'Singh' upadhi (title) apnayi. Yeh dikhata hai ki us samay Rajputana culture ka prabhav badh raha tha.
13. British Era & Merger (Aadhunik Kaal)
1846 AD: Sikh War ke baad, Kullu angrezon (British) ke adhikar mein aa gaya.
Sub-Division: Angrezon ne Kullu ko Kangra zile ka ek Sub-Division banaya.
1963 AD: Kullu Punjab ka alag zila bana.
1 November 1966: Kullu zila Himachal Pradesh mein shamil hua.
Conclusion (Nishkarsh)
Kuluta Janapada Himachal ke itihas ka ek mehatvapurna adhyay hai. Jahan Trigarta yudh ke liye jana jata tha aur Kuninda vyapar ke liye, wahin Kuluta apne Dharmik Mahatva aur Swatantra Satta (Independent Coins) ke liye prasidh tha.
.png)
.png)
0 Comments