1. The 4 Ancient Janapadas (Prachin Janapad)
Himachal ka prachin itihas in 4 mahajanapado ke bina adhoora hai. Exams mein inpar seedhe sawal aate hain.
The Audumbaras (Audumbar):
Location: Pathankot aur Jwalamukhi ke beech ka ilaka (Nurpur, Kangra).
Symbols: Inke sikko (coins) par Trishul aur Shiv ki aakriti milti hai. Yeh "Dharwalo" (Woolen goods) ke liye mashhoor the.
The Trigarta (Sabse Purana):
Meaning: Teen nadiyon dwara sinchit bhumi (Ravi, Beas, Satluj).
Founder: Raja Susharma Chandra (Jinhone Mahabharat mein Kauravon ka saath diya tha).
Capital: Nagarkot (Aaj ka Kangra Fort).
The Kuluta (Kullu):
Location: Beas nadi ke upar ka ilaka.
Capital: Naggar. Iska zikr Ramayan aur Mahabharat dono mein hai.
The Kunindas:
Location: Shimla, Sirmour aur Ambala ka ilaka (Yamuna aur Satluj ke beech).
Coins: Inke sikko par "Amoghabhuti" (Raja ka naam) likha mila hai.
2. Medieval Invasions: The Dark Era (Aakraman Kaal)
Himachal ki shanti ko kayi baar bahari hamlawaron ne bhang kiya.
Mahmud Ghazni (1009 AD): Ghazni ne Nagarkot (Kangra) qile par hamla kiya aur wahan ke mandiron se tons (quintals) sona loot kar le gaya. Us samay Kangra ka raja Jagdish Chand tha.
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (1337 AD): Isne Kangra qile ko jeeta.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1365 AD): Isne Jwalamukhi mandir se 1300 Sanskrit Pustakein (Books) looti aur unka Persian mein anuvad (translation) karwaya, jise "Dalail-i-Firozshahi" naam diya gaya.
Taimur Lunk (1398 AD): Taimur ne Shivalik ki pahadiyon ko loota aur Hindur (Nalagarh) ke raja Alam Chand ne uski madad ki thi.
3. The Golden Age: Sansar Chand of Kangra
18th century mein Maharaja Sansar Chand (Kangra) ka uday hua.
Unke raaj mein Kangra Painting (Pahari Chitrkala) apne shikhar par thi.
Unhone pahadi riyasaton ko ekjut kiya lekin Bilaspur ke raja ke saath dushmani unhein mehngi padi, jisne Gorkhon (Amar Singh Thapa) ko nyota diya.
4. The Journey to Statehood (1948 - 1971) - Most Important
Himachal Pradesh kaise bana? Yeh timeline rat lo:
15 April 1948: 30 Chhoti-badi riyasaton ko milakar Chief Commissioner's Province banaya gaya. (N.C. Mehta pehle Chief Commissioner bane).
1951: Himachal ko 'C' State (Part-C State) ka darja mila.
1 July 1954: Bilaspur ka vilay (merger) Himachal mein hua (5th District).
1 November 1956: Himachal Union Territory (UT) bana.
1 May 1960: Mahasu se alag karke Kinnaur (6th District) banaya gaya.
1 November 1966 (Vishal Himachal): Punjab Reorganization Act ke tahat Kangra, Kullu, Shimla, Lahaul-Spiti, aur Una ko Himachal mein milaya gaya. Area lagbhag dugna ho gaya.
25 January 1971: Pradhan Mantri Indira Gandhi ne Ridge Maidan, Shimla se Himachal ko 18th Purna Rajya (Full State) ghoshit kiya.
5. Historical Capitals (Rajdhaniyan)
Exams mein purani rajdhanion ke naam puche jate hain:
| Riyasat (State) | Rajdhani (Capital) | Founder (Sansthapak) |
| Trigarta | Nagarkot (Kangra) | Susharma Chandra |
| Kullu | Jagatsukh/Naggar | Behangamani Pal |
| Chamba | Brahmaur/Chamba | Maru Varman |
| Kehlur (Bilaspur) | Kot-Kehlur | Bir Chand |
| Sirmour | Rajban | Raja Rasalu |
6. The Great Gurkha War (1805-1815) - Detailed Analysis
Himachal ke itihas mein Gorkhon ka aakraman ek kala daur (dark era) tha.
Mahal Morian Battle (1806): Gorkha commander Amar Singh Thapa ne Bilaspur ke raja ki madad se Kangra par hamla kiya. Hamirpur ke paas Mahal Morian mein Sansar Chand ko haraya.
Siege of Kangra: Gorkhon ne Kangra kile ko 4 saal tak ghere rakha.
Treaty of Jwalamukhi (1809): Har kar Sansar Chand ne Maharaja Ranjit Singh se madad maangi. Ranjit Singh ne Gorkhon ko bhagaya par badle mein Kangra Kila aur 66 gaon le liye.
Anglo-Gurkha War (1815): Ant mein Angrezon ne Gorkhon ko haraya aur Treaty of Sugauli sign hui, jisse Himachal British control mein aa gaya.
7. Shimla: The British Summer Capital
Himachal ki history Shimla ke bina adhoori hai.
Discovery: 1817 mein Scottish officer Lt. Ross ne Shimla ki khoj ki thi.
First House: 1822 mein Major Kennedy ne yahan pehla pakka ghar "Kennedy House" banaya.
Summer Capital: 1864 mein Lord Lawrence ne Shimla ko British Raj ki "Summer Capital" ghoshit kiya.
Historical Events:
Shimla Agreement (1945): Wavell Plan yahan discuss hua.
Shimla Accord (1972): Indira Gandhi aur Zulfikar Ali Bhutto ke beech yahan samjhauta hua tha.
8. Praja Mandal & Freedom Struggle (Azadi ki Ladai)
Jab desh mein Gandhi ji lad rahe the, tab pahadon mein Praja Mandal lad raha tha.
Bhai Do Na Pai: Yeh naara (slogan) Pajhota Andolan (1942) ke dauran diya gaya tha. Iska matlab tha - "Na Sena mein aadmi do, na Raja ko paisa do."
Suket Satyagraha (1948): Pt. Padam Dev ke netritva mein logon ne Suket riyasat par chadhai kar di thi. Is ghatna ne Himachal ke gathan (formation) ko tez kar diya.
9. Famous Books on HP History (Exam Special)
Aksar exams mein pucha jata hai ki falani kitab kisne likhi. Yeh list add karne se tera blog professional lagega.
| Book Name | Author (Lekhak) |
| Polyandry in Himalayas | Dr. Y.S. Parmar |
| Kangra Valley Paintings | M.S. Randhawa |
| Tarikh-e-Riyasat Sirmour | Ranzor Singh |
| Mukhtasar Tarikh-e-Riyasat Chamba | Gareeb Khan |
| History of Punjab Hill States | J. Hutchinson & Vogel |
| Himalayan Art | J.C. French |
10. Important Dates Timeline (Revision)
Ek nazar mein poora itihas:
1009 AD: Mahmud Ghazni ka Kangra par hamla.
1337 AD: Muhammad Bin Tughlaq ka hamla.
1620 AD: Jahangir ne Kangra kile par kabza kiya.
1775 AD: Sansar Chand Kangra ke Raja bane.
1806 AD: Gorkhon ka hamla (Mahal Morian).
1948 AD: Himachal ka gathan (Formation).
1971 AD: Himachal ko Purna Rajya (Statehood) mila.
11. The Revolt of 1857 in Himachal (Himachal mein Gadar)
Jab poora Bharat 1857 ki kranti mein jal raha tha, tab Himachal mein bhi chingari bhadki thi.
Kasauli Mutiny: Sabse pehle vidroh Kasauli chhaoni (cantonment) mein hua. Wahan Subedar Bhim Singh ke netritva mein Gorkha sipahiyon ne bagawat ki aur khazaana loot liya.
Jutogh Revolt: Shimla ke paas Jutogh mein bhi sena ne vidroh kiya, jisse angrez darr ke maare Shimla chhodkar Junga (Keonthal riyasat) bhaag gaye the.
Raja Shamsher Singh (Bushahr): Yeh Himachal ke akele aise Raja the jinhone 1857 mein Angrezon ki madad karne se saaf inkaar kar diya tha. Baaki sabhi rajaon (Bilaspur, Sirmour, Baghal) ne Angrezon ka saath diya tha.
12. The Pajhota Andolan (1942) - A Unique Struggle
Sirmour riyasat ka Pajhota Andolan itihas mein sabse alag hai kyunki yahan logon ne ladne ke liye "Lota-Saji" takneek apnayi thi.
Leader: Is aandolan ke mukhya neta Vaid Surat Singh aur Mian Chu-Chu the.
Demand: Inki maang thi ki Raja (Rajendra Prakash) Angrezon ka saath dena band karein aur 'Begar' khatam karein.
Guerrilla Warfare: Jab Raja ki police ne hamla kiya, toh logon ne pahadon se bade-bade patthar (Lota) aur lakdi ke dande (Saji) ludhaka kar police ko bhaga diya tha.
13. Architectural History: Temples Built by Kings
Itihas sirf ladaiyon ka nahi, nirmaan (construction) ka bhi hota hai. Exams mein pucha jata hai ki kaunsa mandir kis raja ne banaya.
| Temple Name | Built By (Nirmata) | Year/Era |
| Hidimba Devi (Manali) | Raja Bahadur Singh | 1553 AD |
| Tabo Monastery (Spiti) | Ye-She-O (Guge King) | 996 AD |
| Baijnath Temple | Manyuka & Ahuka (Merchants) | 1204 AD |
| Bhutnath Temple (Mandi) | Raja Ajbar Sen | 1527 AD |
| Rang Mahal (Chamba) | Raja Umed Singh | 18th Century |
| Tara Devi (Shimla) | Raja Bhupendra Sen | Keonthal Dynasty |
14. Ancient Coins & Scripts (Sikke aur Lipi)
Himachal ke itihas ke sabse purane saboot zameen ke niche mile hain.
Punch Marked Coins: Jawalamukhi aur Kangra mein mile sabse purane sikke hain.
Scripts: Audumbar aur Kuninda rajaon ke sikkon par Brahmi aur Kharosthi lipi (script) ka prayog hua hai. Yeh darshata hai ki us samay Himachal ka vyapar (trade) door-door tak phaila tha.
Pathyar & Kanihara Inscriptions: Kangra mein mile ye patthar ke lekh (rock inscriptions) Maurya kaal (Ashoka ke samay) ke maane jate hain.
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