Himachal Pradesh General Knowledge: Basic Profile, Census 2011 & State Symbols

Study service March 19, 2025

 Himachal Pradesh, jise "Dev Bhoomi" (Land of Gods) kaha jata hai, Bharat ka 18vaan rajya hai. Himalaya ki god mein basa yeh rajya apni Praakritik Sundarta (Natural Beauty), Seb Utpadan (Apple Production), aur Bijli Utpadan (Hydropower) ke liye jana jata hai.

Agar aap HPSSC, HPAS ya Police Constable ki taiyari kar rahe hain, toh Himachal ki basic jaankari (Area, Population, Symbols) aapki ungliyon par honi chahiye. Aaj hum is "General Profile" ko detail mein samjhenge.

1. Geographical Profile (Bhaugolik Parichay)

Himachal Pradesh Pashchimi Himalaya (Western Himalayas) mein sthit hai.

  • Area (Kshetrafal): 55,673 Sq. Km.

    • Yeh Bharat ke kul kshetrafal ka 1.7% hai.

  • Rank in India: Area ke hisab se yeh 18vaan bada rajya hai.

  • Location: 30°22' se 33°12' North Latitude aur 75°47' se 79°04' East Longitude.

Boundaries (Seemaein): Exam mein direction puchi jati hai:

  • North (Uttar): Jammu & Kashmir aur Ladakh (UT).

  • East (Purv): Tibet (China).

  • South-East (Dakshin-Purv): Uttarakhand.

  • South (Dakshin): Haryana.

  • West (Paschim): Punjab.

2. State Symbols (Rajya Prateek) - With Scientific Names

Exams mein ab simple naam nahi, balki Scientific Names puche jate hain.

  1. State Animal (Rajya Pashu): Snow Leopard (Him Tendua).

    • Scientific Name: Panthera uncia.

  2. State Bird (Rajya Pakshi): Western Tragopan (Jujurana).

    • Scientific Name: Tragopan melanocephalus.

    • Fact: Ise "King of Birds" bhi kaha jata hai.

  3. State Flower (Rajya Phool): Pink Rhododendron (Gulabi Buransh).

    • Scientific Name: Rhododendron campanulatum.

  4. State Tree (Rajya Vriksh): Deodar Cedar (Devdar).

    • Scientific Name: Cedrus deodara.

  5. State Fish: Golden Mahseer.

3. Demographic Profile (Census 2011) - Most Important

Jansankhya se jude sawal har paper mein aate hain.

  • Total Population: 68,64,602 (Lagbhag 68.6 Lakh).

  • Male Population: 34.81 Lakh.

  • Female Population: 33.82 Lakh.

  • Decadal Growth Rate (Vridhi Dar): 12.94%.

  • Sex Ratio (Linganupat): 972 females per 1000 males.

  • Child Sex Ratio (0-6 yrs): 909.

  • Literacy Rate (Saksharta): 82.80%.

    • Male Literacy: 89.53%.

    • Female Literacy: 75.93%.

  • Population Density (Ghanatva): 123 persons per Sq. Km.

4. Administrative Structure (Prashasanik Dhancha)

Himachal ko chalane ke liye kaise baanta gaya hai?

  • Divisions (Mandal): 3 (Shimla, Kangra, Mandi).

    • Largest Division: Mandi (5 Districts).

  • Districts (Zile): 12.

  • Sub-Divisions: 73 (Data changes slightly, check latest economic survey).

  • Tehsils: 100+.

  • Gram Panchayats: 3615 (approx).

  • Zila Parishad: 12.

  • Lok Sabha Seats: 4 (Shimla, Mandi, Hamirpur, Kangra).

  • Rajya Sabha Seats: 3.

  • Vidhan Sabha Seats: 68.

5. Physiographic Divisions (Bhaugolik Vibhajan)

Himachal ko oonchai ke hisab se 3 bhagon mein baanta gaya hai:

A. Shivalik Hills (Outer Himalayas)

  • Height: 350m se 1500m.

  • Ancient Name: Manak Parbat.

  • Districts: Una, Hamirpur, Bilaspur, Lower Kangra.

  • Major Crop: Makki (Maize), Gehu (Wheat).

B. Inner Himalayas (Mid-Mountains)

  • Height: 1500m se 4500m.

  • Ranges: Dhauladhar (White Range) aur Pir Panjal yahan hain.

  • Districts: Upper Kangra, Mandi, Shimla, Kullu.

  • Famous For: Stone fruits aur Seb (Apple).

C. Greater Himalayas (Alpine Zone)

  • Height: 4500m se upar.

  • Districts: Kinnaur, Lahaul-Spiti, Pangi.

  • Climate: Sheet Marusthal (Cold Desert). Yahan Dry Fruits hote hain.

6. Economy Overview (Arthvyavastha)

  • Main Occupation: Agriculture (Lagbhag 69% log kheti karte hain).

  • Fruit Bowl: Himachal ko "Apple State of India" kaha jata hai.

  • Hydro Power Potential: Lagbhag 27,436 MW.

  • Pharmaceutical Hub: Solan (Baddi-Barotiwala) Asia ka sabse bada Pharma Hub ban gaya hai.

7. Important "Firsts" Recap (Revision)

  • First CM: Dr. Y.S. Parmar.

  • First Governor: S. Chakravarti.

  • First Chief Justice: Justice M.H. Beg.

  • First Param Vir Chakra: Major Somnath Sharma.

8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1. Himachal Pradesh ka sabse bada zila kaunsa hai? Ans: Kshetrafal (Area) mein Lahaul-Spiti aur Jansankhya (Population) mein Kangra.

Q2. Himachal ka State Bird (Rajya Pakshi) kya hai? Ans: Jujurana (Western Tragopan). Ise "King of Birds" bhi kehte hain.

Q3. 2011 ki janganana ke anusar Himachal ki saksharta dar (Literacy) kitni hai? Ans: 82.80%.

Q4. Himachal Pradesh mein kitne sambhag (Divisions) hain? Ans: Kul 3 Divisions hain: Kangra, Mandi, aur Shimla.

9. The Making of 12 Districts (Zilon ka Itihas)

Himachal shuru se aisa nahi tha. 1948 mein sirf 4 zile the, aaj 12 hain. Yeh safar janna exam ke liye zaroori hai.

  • 15 April 1948 (Gathan): Jab Himachal bana, tab sirf 4 Zile the:

    1. Chamba

    2. Mandi

    3. Sirmour

    4. Mahasu (Aaj ka Shimla aur Solan ka hissa).

  • 1 July 1954: Bilaspur ko 5vaan zila banaya gaya.

  • 1 May 1960: Mahasu ke Chini tehsil ko alag karke Kinnaur (6th District) banaya gaya.

  • 1 November 1966: Punjab Reorganization ke baad 4 naye zile jude: Kangra, Kullu, Lahaul-Spiti, aur Shimla.

  • 1 September 1972 (Final Map): Kangra ko todkar Hamirpur aur Una banaye gaye. Mahasu aur Shimla ko reorganize karke Solan aur Shimla banaya gaya.

    • Exam Tip: Aaj ke 12 zile 1972 mein final huye the.

10. Languages & Dialects (Bhasha aur Boli)

Himachal mein har 10 km par boli badal jati hai.

  • Official Language: Hindi.

  • Additional Official Language: Sanskrit (2019 mein banayi gayi).

  • Ancient Script (Lipi): Purane samay mein pahadi bhasha "Tankri" lipi mein likhi jati thi.

  • Major Dialects (Boliyan):

    • Kehluri: Bilaspur mein boli jati hai.

    • Chambeali: Chamba mein.

    • Mandyali: Mandi mein.

    • Sirmauri: Sirmour mein.

    • Bhoti: Lahaul-Spiti aur Kinnaur mein.

11. The State Emblem (Rajya Chinh)

Himachal Pradesh sarkar ka jo logo (emblem) hai, wo kya darshata hai?

  • Symbol: Ashok Stambh (Ashoka Lion Capital).

  • Background: Do (2) talwarein (swords) cross mein hain aur niche pahad (mountains) hain.

  • Motto: "Satyameva Jayate".

  • Meaning: Talwarein veerta aur suraksha ka prateek hain, aur pahad rajya ki bhaugolik sthiti darshate hain.

12. Constitutional Journey (Samvidhanik Yatra)

Himachal ka status baar-baar badla hai:

  1. 1948-1951: Chief Commissioner's Province (Mukhya Ayukt Kshetra).

  2. 1951-1956: Part-C State (G-Shreni ka Rajya).

  3. 1956-1971: Union Territory (Kendra Shasit Pradesh).

  4. 1971 Onwards: Full State (Purna Rajya) - Indian Constitution ke 18th State ke roop mein.

13. High Court & Judiciary Facts

  • Establishment: Himachal Pradesh High Court ki sthapana 25 January 1971 ko hui thi.

  • Location: Yeh Shimla ke Ravenswood building mein sthit hai.

  • Jurisdiction: Iske adhikar kshetra mein pura Himachal aata hai.

  • First Woman Chief Justice: Justice Leela Seth (Jo desh ki kisi bhi High Court ki pehli mahila CJ thi).

14. Important Geographic Lines

  • Inner Line: Kinnaur aur Spiti ke border areas mein jane ke liye "Inner Line Permit" chahiye hota hai, kyunki yeh Tibet (China) border ke paas hai.

  • Main Ranges:

    • Zanskar Range: Yeh Himachal ko Tibet se alag karti hai (Sabse purvi hissa).

    • Pir Panjal: Yeh Chamba, Kullu aur Lahaul ko cover karti hai.

    • Dhauladhar: Ise "Maulak Parbat" (White Mountain) kaha jata hai.

Conclusion (Nishkarsh)

Basic Information of HP kisi bhi exam ki neenv (foundation) hoti hai. Chahe aap interview de rahe hon ya written exam, Census 2011 aur Geography ke facts hamesha puche jate hain. Is article ko bookmark kar lein aur revise karte rahein.

Himachal Pradesh Basic GK Profile

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