HP TGT Physics: Motion Notes, Key Points & MCQs

HP TGT Physics — Chapter 1: Motion (Key Points with Explanation)

Ø  Motion

Motion means an object changes its position with time. For example, a moving car or a walking person shows motion.

Ø  Distance

Distance is the total length of the actual path travelled by an object.
👉 It is a scalar quantity (only magnitude, no direction).
Example: If you walk 5 meters forward and 5 meters back, total distance = 10 meters.

Ø  Displacement

Displacement is the shortest straight-line distance between the initial and final positions of an object, along with direction.
👉 It is a vector quantity (magnitude + direction).
Example: In above example, displacement = 0 (because you came back to start).

Ø  Speed

Speed is the rate at which an object covers distance. It tells how fast something moves.
👉 Scalar quantity.
Formula: Speed = Distance / Time.

Ø  Velocity

Velocity is the rate of change of displacement. It tells how fast and in which direction an object moves.
👉 Vector quantity.
Example: A car moving at 60 km/h towards North.

Ø  Uniform Motion

If an object covers equal distances in equal time intervals, it is said to be in uniform motion.
Example: A car moving at constant speed on a straight road.

Ø  Non-uniform Motion

If an object covers unequal distances in equal time intervals, it shows non-uniform motion.
Example: A car slowing down or speeding up in traffic.

Ø  Acceleration (a)

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time. It tells how quickly an object speeds up or slows down.
Formula: a = (Final Velocity - Initial Velocity) / Time.

Ø  Equations of Motion

These equations help calculate speed, distance, time, and acceleration for uniformly accelerated motion:

• First Equation: v = u + at
• Second Equation: s = ut + ½at²
• Third Equation: v² = u² + 2as
  Where:
  v = final velocity
  u = initial velocity
  a = acceleration
  t = time
  s = displacement

Ø  Average Speed

It is total distance divided by total time taken.
Formula: Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time.

Ø  Instantaneous Speed

Speed of an object at a particular instant of time.
Example: Speedometer in a car shows instantaneous speed.

Important Formulas Table

MCQs:

1. What is the SI unit of speed?
A) m/s
B) m/s²
C) km/h
D) m²/s

2. Which of these is a scalar quantity?
A) Displacement
B) Velocity
C) Acceleration
D) Distance

3.A body moving with uniform speed covers 60 m in 2 s. Its speed is:
A) 30 m/s
B) 60 m/s
C) 120 m/s
D) 0 m/s

4.If u = 0, a = 2 m/s², t = 5 s, find s:
A) 25 m
B) 50 m
C) 20 m
D) 10 m

5.Which equation of motion relates v, u, a and s?
A) v = u + at
B) s = ut + ½at²
C) v² = u² + 2as
D) None of these

 Quick Revision Tip:

Revise formulas daily. Practice numerical questions to apply concepts.

 Next Chapter:

Coming Up: Laws of Motion — Explained Points + Examples + MCQs