Lahaul-Spiti District GK: History, Culture, Geography & Monasteries (Complete Guide)

Study service March 17, 2025

 Himachal Pradesh ka Lahaul-Spiti zila "Sheet Marusthal" (Cold Desert) ke naam se jana jata hai. Yeh zila apni anokhi sanskriti, purane Buddhist maths (monasteries), aur kathin bhaugolik paristhitiyon ke liye vishwa-prasidh hai.

Agar aap HPAS, Allied Services, ya Police exam ki taiyari kar rahe hain, toh Lahaul-Spiti aapke liye sabse important topic hai. Yahan se Atal Tunnel, Monasteries, aur History par seedhe sawal aate hain. Aaj hum is zile ko detail mein samjhenge.

1. Geographical Profile (Bhaugolik Parichay)

Lahaul-Spiti kshetrafal (area) ke hisab se Himachal ka sabse bada zila hai.

  • Area: 13,835 Sq. Km (Pure Himachal ka 24.85%).

  • Population: Himachal mein sabse kam jansankhya wala zila (Density: Sirf 2 log prati sq. km).

  • Headquarters: Keylong.

  • Boundaries:

    • North: Ladakh (J&K).

    • East: Tibet (China).

    • South: Kullu aur Kinnaur.

    • West: Chamba aur Kangra.

Valley Division: Yeh zila do alag ghatiyon se milkar bana hai - Lahaul aur Spiti. In dono ko Kunzum Pass (4590m) alag karta hai.

2. History of Lahaul & Spiti (Itihas)

Is zile ka itihas bada dilchasp hai kyunki yahan kabhi Kullu ke Rajaon ka raaj tha toh kabhi Ladakh ke Rajaon ka.

A. Ancient Period

  • Spiti: Spiti ko "Mani" (Jewel) kaha jata tha. 10th Century mein yeh Ladakh ke Rajaon ke adheen tha. Spiti ka shasan chalane wale sthaniya adhikari ko "Nono" kaha jata tha.

  • Lahaul: Lahaul par lambe samay tak Kullu aur Chamba ke Rajaon ka prabhav raha.

B. British Era (1846)

  • 1846 ki Treaty of Amritsar ke baad, Lahaul aur Spiti Angrezon (British) ke control mein aa gaye.

  • Angrezon ne ise Kangra zile ka ek sub-division banaya.

  • 1857: Moravian Missionaries Lahaul (Keylong) aaye. Unhone hi yahan Aloo (Potato) ki kheti shuru karwayi thi.

C. Formation of District (1960)

  • 1960 mein Lahaul aur Spiti ko alag karke ek naya zila "Lahaul-Spiti" banaya gaya. Isse pehle yeh Kangra ka hissa tha.

3. The Monastery Trail (Dharmik Sthal)

Lahaul-Spiti ko "Land of Lamas" kaha jata hai. Yahan ke maths (monasteries) hazaron saal purane hain.

  1. Tabo Monastery (The Ajanta of Himalayas):

    • Spiti mein sthit yeh math 996 AD mein bana tha.

    • Ise "Ajanta of Himalayas" kaha jata hai kyunki yahan ki paintings Ajanta caves jaisi hain.

  2. Key Monastery (Kye Gompa):

    • Yeh Spiti ka sabse bada aur sabse ooncha math hai. Yeh ek qile (fort) jaisa dikhta hai.

  3. Dhankar Monastery:

    • Yeh Spiti nadi ke kinare ek khadi chattan (cliff) par bana hai. Yahan se nazara dekhne layak hota hai.

  4. Guru Ghantal Monastery:

    • Yeh Lahaul ka sabse purana math hai jo lakdi (wood) se bana hai. Yeh Chandra aur Bhaga nadiyon ke sangam (Tandi) ke paas hai.

4. Fairs and Festivals (Mele aur Tyohar)

Yahan ke tyohar baaki Himachal se bilkul alag hain.

  • Halda Festival: Yeh Lahaul ghati ka "Diwali" hai. Log mashal (torch) jalakar pure gaon mein ghumte hain. Yeh January (Magh) mein manaya jata hai.

  • Lossar: Yeh Tibeti New Year hai jo February mein manaya jata hai.

  • Phagli (Kuns): Yeh Lahaul mein burai par achayi ki jeet ka tyohar hai. Isme log mukhota (mask) pehante hain.

  • Ladarcha Fair: Yeh Kaza (Spiti) mein hota hai. Pehle yeh vyaparik Mela tha jahan Tibet se log aate the.

  • Pauri Fair: Yeh Trilokinath mandir mein manaya jata hai.

5. Geography: Rivers, Passes & Peaks

Exams ke liye yeh section sabse zaroori hai.

A. Major Rivers (Nadiyan)

  • Chandra River: Bara Shigri glacier se nikalti hai.

  • Bhaga River: Suraj Tal jheel (Baralacha Pass) se nikalti hai.

  • Chenab (Chandrabhaga): Chandra aur Bhaga nadiyan Tandi namak jagah par milti hain aur Chenab banti hain.

  • Spiti River: Kunzum pass se nikalti hai aur Kinnaur mein Satluj se mil jati hai.

  • Pin River: Yeh Spiti ki sahayak nadi hai. Iske aas-paas Pin Valley National Park hai.

B. Important Passes (Darre)

  • Rohtang Pass (3978m): Kullu ko Lahaul se jodta hai (ab yahan Atal Tunnel hai).

  • Baralacha La (4890m): Lahaul ko Ladakh se jodta hai.

  • Kunzum Pass (4590m): Lahaul ko Spiti se jodta hai.

C. Highest Peak:

  • Mani Rang (6597m): Yeh Spiti aur Kinnaur border par hai.

  • Mulkila aur Gyephang chotiya bhi yahan hain.

6. Atal Tunnel: The Game Changer

Lahaul ab duniya se kat-ta nahi hai.

  • Length: 9.02 Kilometer.

  • Location: Rohtang Pass ke niche (Pir Panjal Range).

  • Significance: Isne Manali aur Keylong ke beech ki doori 46 km kam kar di hai. Yeh duniya ki sabse lambi highway tunnel hai (10,000 feet se upar).

7. Economy: Potato and Green Peas

Lahaul-Spiti ke kisan bohot ameer maane jate hain.

  • Seed Potato: Lahaul ka "Beej Aloo" poore Bharat aur videshon mein export hota hai.

  • Kuth: Yeh ek durlabh jadi-booti hai jiski kheti yahan hoti hai.

  • Sea Buckthorn (Chharma): Ise "Himalayan Gold" kaha jata hai. Yeh thande ilakon mein hota hai aur isme Vitamin C bharpoor hota hai.

8. Important Exam Facts (Prelims Special)

  • Sabse Bada Zila: Lahaul-Spiti (Area wise).

  • Sabse Kam Jansankhya: Lahaul-Spiti.

  • Sex Ratio: Rajya mein sabse kam (Low).

  • Pin Valley National Park: Spiti mein sthit hai (Snow Leopard ke liye famous).

  • World's Highest Post Office: Hikkim (Spiti) mein sthit hai.

  • World's Highest Polling Station: Tashigang (Spiti).

9. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1. Lahaul-Spiti zila kab bana? Ans: 1960 mein ise zila banaya gaya. Isse pehle yeh Punjab ke Kangra zile ka hissa tha.

Q2. "Nono" kaun the? Ans: Spiti mein shasan chalane wale vanshanugat (hereditary) Wazir ko "Nono" kaha jata tha.

Q3. Tabo Monastery kyun prasidh hai? Ans: Ise "Ajanta of Himalayas" kaha jata hai aur yeh 1000 saal se zyada purana hai (Estd. 996 AD).

Q4. Atal Tunnel ki lambai kitni hai? Ans: 9.02 Kilometer.

10. Hydro-Electric Projects (Urja Sansadhan)

Lahaul-Spiti ki nadiyaan tezi se behti hain, isliye yahan bijli banane ki kshamata (potential) bohot hai.

  1. Rong-Tong Project (2 MW): Yeh Spiti ghati mein hai. Yeh Himachal ka sabse oonchai par sthit aur sabse purana tribal project hai. Exam mein iska naam zaroor aata hai.

  2. Thirot Project (4.5 MW): Yeh Lahaul ghati mein Thirot naale par bana hai.

  3. Seli & Miyar Projects: Yeh bade projects hain jo abhi under-construction ya proposed stage mein hain Chenab basin mein.

11. Wildlife Sanctuaries (Vanya-Jeev Abhyaranya)

Lahaul-Spiti rare animals ka ghar hai.

  1. Pin Valley National Park: Yeh Spiti mein hai aur Snow Leopard (Barfani Tendua) ke liye famous hai. Ise 1987 mein National Park ka darja mila tha.

  2. Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary: Yeh 3089 Sq Km mein phaila hua hai. Yeh Himachal Pradesh ka Sabse Bada Wildlife Sanctuary (Largest Sanctuary) hai.

  3. Chandratal Wetland: Yeh Ramsar Site bhi hai, jahan migratory birds (pravasi pakshi) aate hain.

12. Art, Culture & Food (Sanskriti)

Yahan ka culture Tibet se milta-julta hai.

  • Food: Yahan ka mukhya bhojan Thukpa (Noodle Soup), Momo, aur Tsampa (Jau ka sattu) hai. Namkeen Chai (Butter Tea) yahan har ghar mein peeyi jati hai.

  • Dress: Purush (Men) lamba choga pehante hain jise 'Sultan' ya 'Chola' kehte hain. Mahilayein 'Tobru' pehanti hain.

  • Marriage: Lahaul mein 'Thekish' aur 'Kunmai-Bhagston' (Bhaag kar shadi) jaisi prathayein prachalit thin, halanki ab modern weddings hoti hain.

13. Adventure Tourism (Treks)

Lahaul-Spiti trekkers ke liye jannat hai.

  • Hampta Pass Trek: Manali se Lahaul jane ka purana paidal rasta.

  • Pin Parvati Trek: Kullu ki Parvati valley ko Spiti ki Pin valley se jodta hai. Yeh Himachal ka sabse mushkil trek maana jata hai.

  • Kanamo Peak: Ise trekkers ka "Everest" kaha jata hai kyunki bina technical gear ke bhi ispar chadha ja sakta hai.

Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)

Lahaul-Spiti prakriti aur adhyatm ka anokha sangam hai. Jahan ek taraf Atal Tunnel ne vikas ke darwaze khole hain, wahin Tabo aur Key Monastery aaj bhi shanti ka sandesh de rahe hain. Exam point of view se yeh zila sabse zyada scoring hai.

Lahaul Spiti District GK

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